Both San Francisco;s Panama Pacific international Exposition of 1915 and San Diego's Panama-California Exposition of 1915-16 were directly influenced by the construction of Panama Canal in 1914. Both of the fairs were constructed by the well-known sculptures and architectures. The individuals who financed and directed Panama-Pacific international exposition and Panama-California Exposition became pinnacle of wealth and power in their communities and in the state as a whole. As San Diego announced its intention to hold a world's fair lots of states competed for the exposition. Since San Francisco had more financial resources and larger population, San Diego decided to support San Fancisco's exposition while they get limited exposition that focused on Latin America and American southwest once San Francisco receives the federal recognition. In San Diego, the most influential display at the fair was physical anthropology display in the Science and Education Building that classified story of man's progress toward perfection. The director of the display Hrdlicka, classified mankind into racial categories and created idea of racial perfection in the future. The fair's scientific estimation succeed as the Stanford Revision and Extension introduced the IQ test. These displays afforded fairgoers a scientific explanation for evolutionary racial progress and these ideology went wrong way for mass support for immigration restriction laws of the 1920s. The nonwhites filled the Joy zone with its ethnological villages and shows. By making good impression of Japanese and Chinese with the shows,the fair directors worked to develop relationship between Asian countries and to expand economical affairs in the future. The Joy Zone is best known for its development of motion picture studio. The creation of film indicated new cultural form for nation's ruling classes and left a cultural legacy. Even after the Panama-California Exposition ended, the buildings left permanently as Balboa Park which created permanent utopian cultural values among americans.
Key terms:
- Panama Canal:The Panama Canal is a 77.1-kilometer ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key conduit for international maritime trade.
- Deep South:It was previously called the "lower South." It is where cotton was most dominant. It was also called the "Cotton Kingdom." Thousands of white people came hoping to become wealthy via cotton planting.
- Free Speech Movement:The Free Speech Movement (FSM) at the University of California at Berkeley during the Fall 1964 semester was the first of the 1960s campus student movements to make headlines all over the world. Lasting a little over two months, it ended with the arrest of 773 persons for occupying the administration building, the removal of the campus administration, and a vast enlargement of student rights to use the University campus for political activity and debate.
- protoplasm: the colorless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles.
- eugenic:It is a social philosophy advocating the improvement of human genetic traits through the promotion of higher reproduction of people with desired traits (positive eugenics), and reduced reproduction of people with less-desired or undesired traits (negative eugenics).
- Binet-Simon Test: A movement that promised the ultimate grading or selecting of pupils according to their capacity to receive education.
- Race Better Movement: The exhibit in the Palace of Education established Race Betterment Foundation that represented eugenics movement to advertise human race at its best, and to get race interested in the past and future.
- pseudoscience: a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.
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Citations
Rydell, Robert W. "The Expositions in San Francisco and San Diego: Toward the World of Tomorrow." In All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916, P.208-233. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
"San Diego Historian Chronicles Balboa Park 1915 Exposition In New Book." KPBS Public Media. January 22, 2014. Accessed March 13, 2015. http://www.kpbs.org/news/2014/jan/22/new-book-chronicles-balboa-park-1915-exposition/.
"Panama-Pacific International Exposition, 1915." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed March 13, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/97197/Court-of-Abundance-at-the-Panama-Pacific-International-Exposition-San.
Thompson, Laurie. "The Amusement Zone at San Francisco's 1915 World's Fair." Anne T. Kent California Room -. February 24, 2015. Accessed March 13, 2015. https://annetkent.kontribune.com/articles/5750.
Questions:
How did the location of the fair gets chosen?
How did the government accepted San Francis as a major world's fair place not San Diego?
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